A wide range of surface engineering processes is now available. These processes are often divided into two groups:
- Surface treatments
- Surface coatings
The two groups can be further divided according to the method by which the surface treatment or coating is applied. A typical classification of the more common processes is given below.
| SURFACE TREATMENTS |
|---|
| Finishing | Thermal | Diffusion | Ion implantation |
|---|
| Grinding |
Flame hardening |
Carburising |
Nitrogen implantation |
| Machining |
Induction hardening |
Carbonitriding |
Carbon implantation |
| Blasting |
Laser treatment |
Nitriding |
|
| Peening |
Electron beam treatment |
Boriding |
|
| |
|
Aluminising |
|
| Typical depth of penetration (mm) |
| 0 |
0.01 - 2.5 |
0.001 - 1 |
0.0001 |
| Typical substrate processing temperatures (°C) |
| 20 - 100 |
800 - 1300 |
400 - 1100 |
20 - 100 |
| SURFACE COATINGS |
|---|
| Chemical | Plating | Physical vapour deposition PVD | Chemical vapour deposition CVD | Thermal spraying | Welding | Cladding |
|---|
| Paints & polymers |
Electro-plating |
Vapour evaporation |
Moderate temperature |
Arc |
Gas |
Friction |
| Anodising |
Electroless |
Sputtering |
Plasma assisted |
Flame |
Arc |
Electro-spark |
| Electro-phoresis |
Hot dipping |
Ion plating |
Diffusion |
Plasma |
Laser |
Brazing |
| Sol-gel |
|
|
|
HVOF |
|
Explosive cladding |
| Typical thickness of coating (mm) |
| 0.001 - 0.1 |
0.01 - 0.5 |
0.001 - 0.01 |
0.001 - 0.1 |
0.01 - 5 |
1 - 10 |
1 - 10 |
| Typical substrate processing temperatures (°C) |
| 20 - 100 |
20 - 100 |
300 - 600 |
200 - 1000 |
50 - 800 |
600 - 1400 |
400 - 1400 |
Further information
Also available as FAQs:
What is physical vapour deposition (PVD)? What is ion implantation? What is anodising? What is carburising/carbonitriding?
What is plasma carburising/plasma nitriding?
See further information about Materials & Corrosion Management or please contact us.